Tuesday, September 16, 2025

Cual son las diferencias principales entre una Biblia católica y una Biblia protestante/evangélica?

Las diferencias principales entre una Biblia católica y una Biblia protestante/evangélica como la King James Version (KJV) o la Reina-Valera:

📖 1. Número de libros (Canon bíblico)

Católica: Incluye 73 libros → 46 en el Antiguo Testamento + 27 en el Nuevo.
👉 Tiene los deuterocanónicos (Tobías, Judit, Sabiduría, Eclesiástico, Baruc, 1 y 2 Macabeos, además de partes adicionales en Ester y Daniel).
Evangélica (KJV/Reina-Valera): Incluye 66 libros → 39 en el Antiguo Testamento + 27 en el Nuevo.
👉 Excluye los deuterocanónicos, considerándolos “apócrifos”.

📖 2. Traducción y origen

Biblia Católica:
- Se basa en la Vulgata Latina (traducción de San Jerónimo, siglo IV).
- Traducciones modernas como la Biblia de Jerusalén o la Biblia Latinoamericana incluyen notas explicativas con perspectiva católica.
Reina-Valera (1569 / 1602 / revisiones posteriores):
- Traducida del hebreo y griego original por Casiodoro de Reina y revisada por Cipriano de Valera (protestantes).
- Muy usada en iglesias evangélicas de habla hispana.
King James Version (1611):
- Traducción oficial de la Iglesia Anglicana.
- Se hizo desde manuscritos hebreos y griegos, no desde la Vulgata.

📖 3. Notas y comentarios

Católica: Incluye notas doctrinales que reflejan enseñanzas de la Iglesia Católica (tradición, sacramentos, importancia de María, etc.).
Evangélica (KJV/RV): Generalmente con notas mínimas o con enfoque protestante (sola fe, sola escritura, rechazo a la tradición católica).

📖 4. Enfoque teológico

Católica: Reconoce la autoridad de la Iglesia y la Tradición junto con la Escritura.
Evangélica: Se basa en el principio de “Sola Scriptura”, es decir, solo la Biblia como autoridad final de fe y doctrina.

📖 5. Lenguaje

Reina-Valera Antigua: Tiene un castellano arcaico, similar al del Siglo de Oro.
KJV: Tiene un inglés antiguo y poético.
Versiones Católicas modernas: Suelen usar un lenguaje actualizado y más adaptado al lector contemporáneo.

✅ Ejemplo concreto:

En una Biblia católica encontrarás 1 y 2 Macabeos, donde se habla de orar por los muertos (base del purgatorio).
En una Biblia protestante esas historias no aparecen, porque fueron removidas del canon.

Resumen general de diferencias (más rápida de leer).
Lista libro por libro (para ver claramente cuáles están en la Católica y cuáles no aparecen en la Reina-Valera/KJV).

📊 Tabla 1 – Diferencias Generales

Tema	Biblia Católica	Reina-Valera (Protestante)	King James (Protestante)
Número de libros	73 (46 AT + 27 NT)	66 (39 AT + 27 NT)	66 (39 AT + 27 NT)
Canon adicional	Deuterocanónicos incluidos (Tobías, Judit, Sabiduría, Sirácides/Eclesiástico, Baruc, 1-2 Macabeos, adiciones a Ester y Daniel)	Excluidos, considerados apócrifos	Excluidos, considerados apócrifos
Base de traducción	Vulgata Latina (Jerónimo, siglo IV)	Hebreo y Griego originales (Casiodoro de Reina y Cipriano de Valera, 1569–1602)	Hebreo y Griego originales (1611, Iglesia Anglicana)
Notas y comentarios	Enfoque doctrinal católico (tradición, sacramentos, María)	Perspectiva protestante, énfasis en sola fe y sola escritura	Perspectiva protestante, estilo anglicano
Autoridad teológica	Escritura + Tradición + Magisterio de la Iglesia	“Sola Scriptura” (solo Biblia)	“Sola Scriptura” (solo Biblia)
Lenguaje	Moderno en traducciones recientes (ej. Biblia de Jerusalén)	Español antiguo (RV 1569/1602), modernizado en revisiones	Inglés antiguo (poético, 1611)

📚 Tabla 2 – Comparación Libro por Libro

Sección	Católica	Reina-Valera / KJV
Pentateuco	Génesis, Éxodo, Levítico, Números, Deuteronomio	✅ Igual
Históricos	Josué, Jueces, Rut, 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Reyes, 1-2 Crónicas, Esdras, Nehemías	✅ Igual
	Tobías, Judit, 1-2 Macabeos	❌ Excluidos
Poéticos/Sapienciales	Job, Salmos, Proverbios, Eclesiastés, Cantar de los Cantares	✅ Igual
	Sabiduría, Eclesiástico (Sirácides)	❌ Excluidos
Profetas Mayores	Isaías, Jeremías, Lamentaciones, Ezequiel, Daniel (+ adiciones griegas: Susana, Bel y el Dragón, Cántico de los Tres Jóvenes)	Daniel sin las adiciones
	Baruc	❌ Excluido
Profetas Menores	Oseas – Malaquías (12 libros)	✅ Igual
Nuevo Testamento	27 libros (Mateo – Apocalipsis)	✅ Igual

👉 En resumen:

La diferencia real está solo en el Antiguo Testamento.
El Nuevo Testamento es idéntico en las tres.
La Católica es más extensa porque conserva los deuterocanónicos que las evangélicas eliminaron tras la Reforma.

📜 Origen histórico de cada una

Biblia Católica (Vulgata Latina)
- Siglo IV (años 382–405 d.C.)
- San Jerónimo la tradujo del hebreo, arameo y griego al latín (la lengua común del Imperio Romano).
- La Iglesia Católica la reconoció como su texto oficial en el Concilio de Trento (1546).
  👉 Es la más antigua de las tres como texto de uso oficial.
Reina-Valera (1569 / 1602)
- La primera traducción protestante al español fue la de Casiodoro de Reina (1569), llamada Biblia del Oso.
- Luego la revisó Cipriano de Valera (1602).
  👉 Fue hecha más de 1,100 años después de la Vulgata.
King James Version (1611)
- Traducción al inglés, patrocinada por el rey Jacobo I de Inglaterra.
- Basada en manuscritos hebreos y griegos, pensada para unificar la fe anglicana.
  👉 Es la más joven de las tres (1611).

🏆 Respuesta clara

Más antigua: Biblia Católica (Vulgata de San Jerónimo, siglo IV).
Después: Reina-Valera (1569).
Más reciente: King James (1611).

🔹 Translation to English

What’s the difference between a Catholic Bible and an Evangelical Bible such as the King James or the Reina-Valera?

📖 1. Number of books (Biblical Canon)

Catholic: Includes 73 books → 46 in the Old Testament + 27 in the New.
👉 It contains the Deuterocanonical books (Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, 1 & 2 Maccabees, plus additional sections in Esther and Daniel).
Evangelical (KJV/Reina-Valera): Includes 66 books → 39 in the Old Testament + 27 in the New.
👉 Excludes the Deuterocanonicals, considering them “apocryphal.”

📖 2. Translation and origin

Catholic Bible:
- Based on the Latin Vulgate (St. Jerome’s translation, 4th century).
- Modern versions like the Jerusalem Bible or Latin American Bible include explanatory notes with a Catholic perspective.
Reina-Valera (1569 / 1602 / later revisions):
- Translated from Hebrew and Greek by Casiodoro de Reina, later revised by Cipriano de Valera (Protestants).
- Widely used in Spanish-speaking evangelical churches.
King James Version (1611):
- Official translation of the Anglican Church.
- Translated from Hebrew and Greek manuscripts, not from the Vulgate.

📖 3. Notes and commentary

Catholic: Includes doctrinal notes reflecting Catholic teaching (tradition, sacraments, Marian devotion, etc.).
Evangelical (KJV/RV): Generally minimal notes, or with a Protestant perspective (faith alone, scripture alone, rejection of Catholic tradition).

📖 4. Theological focus

Catholic: Recognizes the authority of the Church and Tradition alongside Scripture.
Evangelical: Follows the principle of “Sola Scriptura”, meaning the Bible alone is the final authority for faith and doctrine.

📖 5. Language

Reina-Valera (Old versions): Archaic Spanish, like that of the Spanish Golden Age.
KJV: Early Modern English, poetic style.
Modern Catholic versions: More updated language adapted to contemporary readers.

✅ Concrete example:

In a Catholic Bible, you’ll find 1 & 2 Maccabees, which speak of praying for the dead (basis of the doctrine of purgatory).
In a Protestant Bible, those stories are absent, since they were removed from the canon.

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Origins of the surname Lavin

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