TV LAVIN: The Days of the Cross and Resurrection: When Did Jesus Really Die?

Sunday, April 20, 2025

The Days of the Cross and Resurrection: When Did Jesus Really Die?

Introduction

The death and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth are central events in Christian faith. But when we delve into historical, religious, and esoteric records, a bold question arises: Did Jesus truly die on a Friday and rise on a Sunday? Do Jewish, Christian, Roman, and Catholic records align on the exact dates? Are there other sources that confirm or contradict the traditional timeline?

In this post, we unravel the threads of this mysterious chronology, comparing biblical texts, historical records, and apocryphal writings to discover whether the liturgical calendar we follow today matches what really happened in the first century.

1. Traditional Christian Chronology

According to most Christian churches (including Catholics and Protestants), Jesus was crucified on Good Friday and resurrected on Easter Sunday. This tradition is based on the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke), which recount that Jesus died on the Day of Preparation (Friday afternoon) and rose “on the third day.”

The problem with this timeline:

From Friday to Sunday, there are only two full nights, not three days and three nights as Jesus predicted in Matthew 12:40:
"For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth."

2. The Jewish Calendar and Passover

Jesus died during the festival of Pesach (Passover), which follows the Hebrew lunar calendar, not the Gregorian solar one. Passover begins on the 14th of Nisan, which changes each year.

According to the Gospel of John, Jesus was crucified on the day before Passover, that is, on Nisan 14, while the Synoptic Gospels describe him celebrating the Last Supper as a Passover meal, suggesting his death on Nisan 15.

The Wednesday or Thursday Theory:

Some scholars believe Jesus was crucified on a Wednesday or Thursday, allowing for three days and three nights before the resurrection. This theory is based on the difference between the regular weekly Sabbath and the High Sabbath (a special holy day), mentioned in John 19:31:

“For that Sabbath was a high day…”
This suggests that the day after the crucifixion wasn't the regular Saturday Sabbath, but rather a Passover holy day.

3. Roman Records and Historical Sources

Roman historian Tacitus, in his Annals (Book XV, 44), mentions the execution of Christ under Pontius Pilate, during the reign of Tiberius. He doesn’t specify a date, but confirms the event.

Jewish historian Josephus, in Antiquities of the Jews (18:3.3), also mentions Jesus being crucified by Pilate’s order. However, again, the precise date is not detailed.

4. Varied Dates in Early Christianity

Eastern Christians (Orthodox) and Western Christians (Roman Catholics) celebrate Easter on different dates due to using different calendars:

The Gregorian calendar (used by Rome)
The Julian calendar (used by the Orthodox Church)

This means that even within Christianity, there is no unified agreement on the date of Jesus’ resurrection.

5. Apocryphal and Gnostic Texts

Gnostic gospels, like that of Peter and Thomas, offer different final details of Jesus' life, but they focus more on symbolism than chronology. However, the Gospel of Nicodemus mentions Jesus descending into Hades for three days, reinforcing the 72-hour view.

6. Was the Timeline Altered?

Some theorists suggest the Friday-to-Sunday tradition was adopted to align with Roman liturgy and make conversion easier, integrating it with “Sunday” as the sacred day (dies solis).

Jesus’ reference to “the sign of Jonah” suggests a literal three days and three nights pattern, which doesn’t fit the Friday-to-Sunday window. This has led to speculation that Jesus may have been crucified on a Wednesday or Thursday, resurrecting Saturday evening, just before the beginning of the Jewish first day (Sunday at sunset).

7. Summary: When Did Jesus Die According to Each Source?

Tradition	Day of Death	Day of Resurrection	Calendar Used
Western Christianity (Catholic/Protestant)	Good Friday	Easter Sunday	Gregorian
Eastern Orthodoxy	Variable	Variable	Julian
Gospel of John	Nisan 14 (Thursday)	Nisan 17 (Sunday)	Hebrew
Synoptic Gospels	Nisan 15 (Friday)	Nisan 17 (Sunday)	Hebrew
72-hour Theory	Wednesday	Saturday Evening	Literal/Biblical

Conclusion: Does the Exact Date Matter?

Beyond the precise date, the core message remains: victory over death and the promise of resurrection. However, for those seeking historical truth, it's important to question and compare sources. Perhaps the story was adapted for liturgical or imperial convenience, or maybe the Gospels conveyed more symbolic truth than strict chronology.

What’s clear is that Jesus of Nazareth left a mark on time itself — a light that still burns across centuries.

References:

Matthew 12:40
John 19:31
Gospel of Peter (apocryphal)
Gospel of Nicodemus (apocryphal)
Tacitus, Annals XV:44
Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 18:3
Hebrew calendar and Passover
Robert Anderson’s The Coming Prince (chronological analysis of Jesus' ministry)

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